Cho đẳng thức \({\left( {a + b + c} \right)^2} = 3\left( {ab + bc + ca} \right)\) . Khi đó
-
A.
\(a = - b = - c\) .
-
B.
\(a = b = \frac{c}{2}\) .
-
C.
\(a = b = c\) .
-
D.
\(a = 2b = 3c\) .
\({\left( {A + B + C} \right)^2} = {A^2} + {B^2} + {C^2} + 2AB + 2BC + 2CA;{\left( {A - B} \right)^2} = {A^2} - 2AB + {B^2}\) .
Sử dụng \({A^2} + {B^2} + {C^2} \ge 0\forall A,B,C\) . Dấu = xảy ra khi \(A = B = C = 0\)
\(\begin{array}{l}{\left( {a + b + c} \right)^2} = 3\left( {ab + bc + ca} \right) \Leftrightarrow {a^2} + {b^2} + {c^2} + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca = 3ab + 3bc + 3ca\\ \Leftrightarrow {a^2} + {b^2} + {c^2} - ab - bc - ca = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow 2{a^2} + 2{b^2} + 2{c^2} - 2ab - 2bc - 2ca = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow \left( {{a^2} - 2ab + {b^2}} \right) + \left( {{b^2} - 2bc + {c^2}} \right) + \left( {{a^2} - 2ca + {c^2}} \right) = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow {\left( {a - b} \right)^2} + {\left( {b - c} \right)^2} + {\left( {c - a} \right)^2} = 0\end{array}\)
Ta thấy \({\left( {a - b} \right)^2} \ge 0,{\left( {b - c} \right)^2} \ge 0,{\left( {c - a} \right)^2} \ge 0\forall a,b,c\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}{\left( {a - b} \right)^2} = 0\\{\left( {b - c} \right)^2} = 0\\{\left( {c - a} \right)^2} = 0\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}a - b = 0\\b - c = 0\\c - a = 0\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}a = b\\b = c\\c = a\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow a = b = c\) .
Đáp án : C