Chứng minh rằng \(A = \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{{{3^2}}} + \frac{1}{{{3^3}}} + ... + \frac{1}{{{3^{2022}}}} + \frac{1}{{{3^{2023}}}} < \frac{1}{2}\)
Nhân cả hai vế của A với 3.
Tính 2A.
Suy ra giá trị của A, so sánh với \(\frac{1}{2}\).
Ta có:
\(3A = 3.\left( {\frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{{{3^2}}} + \frac{1}{{{3^3}}} + ... + \frac{1}{{{3^{2022}}}} + \frac{1}{{{3^{2023}}}}} \right) = 1 + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{{{3^2}}} + \frac{1}{{{3^3}}} + ... + \frac{1}{{{3^{2021}}}} + \frac{1}{{{3^{2022}}}}\)
Suy ra
\(\begin{array}{l}3A - A = 1 + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{{{3^2}}} + \frac{1}{{{3^3}}} + ... + \frac{1}{{{3^{2021}}}} + \frac{1}{{{3^{2022}}}} - \left( {\frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{{{3^2}}} + \frac{1}{{{3^3}}} + ... + \frac{1}{{{3^{2022}}}} + \frac{1}{{{3^{2023}}}}} \right)\\2A = 1 - \frac{1}{{{3^{2023}}}}\end{array}\)
Do đó \(A = \frac{1}{2}\left( {1 - \frac{1}{{{3^{2023}}}}} \right)\).
Mà \(1 - \frac{1}{{{3^{2023}}}} < 1\) nên \(A = \frac{1}{2}\left( {1 - \frac{1}{{{3^{2023}}}}} \right) < \frac{1}{2}.1 = \frac{1}{2}\) hay \(A < \frac{1}{2}\).